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Inevitably.. this advanced civilization influenced the course of life and thought in Europe. Through the Muslim outpost in Sicily and the scintillating brilliance of Muslim Spain, through.. scholars.. Muslim universities.. traders.. diplomats.. travellers.. soldiers.. sailors and reconquered peasants, new ideas, techniques, and attitudes passed from Islam to Western Europe. (47:3) Then.. in 1094.. the Pope.. called.. the faithful.. to drive the Saracen hosts out of the sacred Christian shrine.. Europe lept up at his word and for well-nigh two hundred years.. this.. war.. continued.. The Christians ultimately withdrew in ignominious and complete defeat and Islam remained in possession of all the Holy Places she had owned before.
(47:4)
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