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A revolution, formidable in its proportions, far-reaching in its repercussions, amazing in the absence of bloodshed and even of violence which marked its progress, challenged that ecclesiastical ascendency which, for centuries, had been of the essence of Islam in that country, and virtually overthrew a hierarchy with which the machinery of the state and the life of the people had been inextricably interwoven. Such a revolution did not signalize the disestablishment of a state-church. It indeed was tantamount to the disruption of what may be called a church-state - a state that had been hopefully awaiting, even up till the moment of its expiry, the gladsome advent of the Hidden Imam, who would not only seize the reins of authority from the shah, the chief magistrate who was merely representing him, but would also assume dominion over the whole earth.
(94:1)
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