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Gradually, under this many-pronged impulse from the East (Islam).. the mediaeval Church.. went down in defeat. The Renaissance was truly an expression of the 'joie de vivre' which Europe learned from the Arabs, and.. the awakened Europeans began to build a richer, happier, more eager civilization.. (48:2) Christendom has been slow to realize and to admit the debt which our Western civilization owes to the East. But the facts of our borrowing are written large in history and nothing but prejudice can lead us to minimize our indebtedness.
(48:3)
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